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Normal potassium levels are needed for the function of the brain, heart, muscles, and nerves. Abnormal potassium levels can affect electrical signals in the brain, causing changes or efficiency in cognitive function. Electrolytes, such as potassium, are what regulate these electrical signals. This handout explains how low and high potassium levels can ultimately affect the brain and provide information about factors/medical conditions that can cause abnormal potassium levels, signs and symptoms, and treatment of abnormal potassium levels in potassium-rich foods.